The problem is replicators and transporters.
A replicator could fabricate evidence with your fingerprints/DNA and a transporter could plant the evidence anywhere.
In theory a dead body complete with fatal wounds and matching murder weapon could be fabricated and teleported into a place only you can access.
One way to disprove the evidence is with the transporter/replicator logs, assuming they cannot be hacked. This, unfortunately, validates the surveillance state insofar as pervasive logging/accounting can be termed surveillance.
We only get to see the lives of the ship based explorers/soldiers, so maybe things are different in the civilian world.
It would still be possible. It would have to rely on other forms of evidence.
Potential logs, as you mention. As well as security surveillance of other types, both active and passive.
A surveillance state is inevitable if you are dealing with the level of technology that gives anyone the ability to destroy planets, and the freedom to try.
That doesn't mean it has to be Orwellian though.
But that is likely to remain a justified fear.
That's how I see it anyway.
Source: My bong.