Replies may be delayed, but I'll get to them. Game devs are awful at acknowledging NDAs, as well as hardware companies (amd, nv, qualcomm, imagination, etc.). Ask me about development process, other high profile games, how to get hired, what to study, ama. I've been here over a decade.
C++. Learn the fuck out of it if you want to make games. I suggest reading "Effective C++", and then reading it again a year later. We've actually hired a few people solely because of their deep knowledge of the language even though they didn't meet some other requirements. If you want to do purely gameplay, then you can get away with knowing C# and Lua, but most engines actually moving away from those.
As for a degree, no it's not required, but it helps to get your foot in the door. Two of the best people I have worked with never graduated high school. One of them was my lead several years ago. If you can demonstrate that you know your shit, then you can easily get hired with or without a degree. My advice is to pick a specialty (graphics, audio, physics, gameplay, etc.) and focus on that for a few years. Then you can easily start applying for jobs in the industry in that specialty.
What languages are required to get into game development?
Do you need to get a degree, or can you get a job with self-learned programming?